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hour for the particular building (as employers have sought to meet the City's TSM goals by adjusting work hours). In addition, employee density differences and use differences cause large differences as well. TSM Survey Results - The difficulties encountered in actual field monitoring in selecting "typical" sites, plus the obvious shifted work schedules in some -- led staff to believe that the only accurate way to measure north Pleasanton experience "across-the board" would be to field check every office-type building, a project too large to undertake. Instead, staff chose to estimate peak hour traffic based on the June TSM surveys supplied by every building and/or employer with more than 50 employees. The response rate for these surveys is very good (71% City wide) and the data can be assumed to be accurate. A part of the survey asks the time of day employees leave work and the travel modes used other than a single-occupant vehicle. The data can be translated into outbound P.M. peak hour (4:30-5:30) trips by adjusting the number of employees who state they usually leave at that time to account for those using alternative travel modes and accounting for those employees not submitting surveys. Total P.M. peak hour trips are then derived by assuming outbound trips constitute 80% of total trips, an assumption currently made and generally supported by ITE/Caltrans studies. Table 3 shows these results compared to the field measurements. While not close in all cases to the field measurements, the TSM numbers are based on actual responses. Differences may be the result of daily fluctuations or increased TSM practices since June 1987. The individual site results from the TSM survey analysis are shown in Table 4 and are represented graphically in Figures 1 and 2. Several items are worth noting: 1. Single-story buildings built for "office/R&D" or "R&D/Lt. Manufacturing" generate traffic at rates equivalent to multi-story office buildings, 2.19 trips/1000 sq. ft. compared to 2.09 trips/1000 sq. ft., respectively. This is not surprising given the actual use of these facilities as offices. In fact, commercial brokers now refer to these product types as "office-flex" in recognition of their essential office usage. 2. The composite trip rate is 57% higher for "Office/R&D" and, 100% higher for "R&D/Lt. Manufacturing" uses than those currently found in the Standard Requirements. Rates for pure office uses are also higher, by 25%. The results found in the TSM survey are not terribly surprising on analysis. First, actual use of buildings built for less intensive light manufacturing or R&D uses have been used as office and are generating traffic like office uses. Second, some of the trip reductions utilized by the present Standard Requirements are more appropriate for the build-out traffic scenarios they were originally developed for. For instance, transit usage is negligible today, as the area is poorly served by transit. Carpooling currently falls short of the level assumed, possibly because so many businesses are new to Pleasanton. Indeed, given the relative lack of congestion in - 3 -