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<br /> <br />4 <br />1 INTRODUCTION <br />The requirement to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing (AFFH) is derived from The Fair Housing Act of <br />1968, which prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on <br />race, color, religion, national origin, or sex—and was later amended to include familial status and <br />disability.1 The 2015 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Rule to Affirmatively <br />Further Fair Housing and California Assembly Bill 686 (2018) mandate that each jurisdiction takes <br />meaningful action to address significant disparities in housing needs and access to opportunity.23 AB <br />686 requires that jurisdictions incorporate AFFH into their Housing Elements, which includes inclusive <br />community participation, an assessment of fair housing, a site inventory reflective of AFFH, and the <br />development of goals, policies, and programs to meaningfully address local fair housing issues. ABAG <br />and UC Merced have prepared this report to assist Bay Area jurisdictions with the Assessment of Fair <br />Housing section of the Housing Element. <br />Assessment of Fair Housing Components <br />The Assessment of Fair Housing includes five components, which are <br />discussed in detail on pages 22-43 of HCD’s AFFH Guidance Memo: <br />A: Summary of fair housing enforcement and outreach capacity <br />B: Integration and segregation patterns, and trends related to people with <br />protected characteristics <br />C: Racially or ethnically concentrated areas of poverty <br />D: Disparities in access to opportunity <br />E: Disproportionate housing needs, including displacement risk <br />1.1 Purpose of this Report <br />This report describes racial and income segregation in Bay Area jurisdictions. Local jurisdiction staff <br />can use the information in this report to help fulfill a portion of the second component of the <br />Assessment of Fair Housing, which requires analysis of integration and segregation patterns and trends <br />related to people with protected characteristics and lower incomes. Jurisdictions will still need to <br />perform a similar analysis for familial status and populations with disability. <br />This report provides segregation measures for both the local jurisdiction and the region using several <br />indices. For segregation between neighborhoods within a city (intra-city segregation), this report <br />includes isolation indices, dissimilarity indices, and Theil’s -H index. The isolation index measures <br /> <br />1 https://www.justice.gov/crt/fair-housing-act-2 <br />2 HCD AFFH Guidance Memo <br />3 The 2015 HUD rule was reversed in 2020 and partially reinstated in 2021.