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F-6 | City of Pleasanton Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing <br />and later as the Growth Management Ordinance (GMO). In 1996, Pleasanton voters approved two <br />growth control measures, adoption of the Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) and the Residential <br />Buildout Initiative, also known as the “housing cap,” which established a 29,000-unit cap on <br />residential development in the Pleasanton Planning Area. It is noted that the residential growth of <br />the city occurred primarily after the passage of the Federal Fair Housing Act in 1968. Approximately <br />80 percent of Pleasanton’s existing housing was constructed after 1970. <br /> <br />Based on a legal challenge, the housing cap was eliminated in 2015, and the City made <br />modifications to the GMO to ensure compliance with State housing laws. Since that time, the City <br />has seen a significant increase in the construction of new multifamily housing compared to past <br />decades, including on several sites rezoned as part of the 4th Cycle Housing Element update. As <br />of 2020, Pleasanton’s housing stock was made up of approximately 70 percent single-family <br />homes (attached and detached) and 30 percent multi-family homes (compared to approximately <br />75 percent single family and 25 percent multi-family in 1990). Pleasanton today is a highly <br />desirable community, known for its high quality of life, abundant parks, vibrant historic downtown <br />core, excellent educational opportunities, and convenient access to local and regional services <br />and job centers. Through thoughtful design standards, careful site planning, and implementation <br />of inclusionary requirements and other programs to support production of affordable housing, <br />these higher-density developments have been successfully integrated in the community and <br />brought much-needed affordable and multifamily housing opportunities to Pleasanton over the past <br />decade. <br /> <br />While Pleasanton’s residents benefit from the high quality of life and access to opportunity that <br />exists today, it is important to acknowledge some of the broader context within which the city’s <br />growth and development, and that of many similar Bay Area communities, occurred. As has been <br />documented in several recent studies, the post-war growth of suburban communities (including <br />Pleasanton) includes a of relatively affluent, and until recently, often predominantly White <br />composition. This is tied to decades of broader Federal and other government policies around <br />housing production, as well as private financial institutions’ practices that disadvantaged people of <br />color. Factors such as restrictive lending rules and racial covenants, although outlawed by the <br />1968 Federal Fair Housing Act, caused populations of color to have significantly less access to the <br />types of homeownership and other economic opportunities that build generational wealth, resulted <br />in community disinvestment in many urban centers, and reduced economic and housing mobility <br />for many, advancing patterns of segregation that persist across the region and within many cities <br />today. <br /> <br />Recognizing the legacy of these practices across the State, efforts to affirmatively further fair <br />housing as outlined in the introduction to this section are, in large part, intended to address the <br />racial and economic disparities that exist, protect existing vulnerable populations from <br />displacement and, and improve access to local opportunities and housing choices for all. The City <br />of Pleasanton is committed to advancing and supporting these efforts.