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BEDDING OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS <br />Splitting Property Thickness Stratification <br />Massive Greater than 4.0 feet very thick-bedded <br />Blocky 2.0 to 4.0 feet thick-bedded <br />Slabby 0.2 to 2.0 feet thin-bedded <br />Flaggy 0.05 to 0.2 feet very thin-bedded <br />Shaly or Platy 0.01 to 0.05 feet laminated <br />Papery less than 0.01 feet thinly laminated <br />FRACTURING <br />Intensity Size of Pieces in Feet <br />Very little fractured Greater than 4.0 <br />Occasionally fractured 1.0 to 4.0 <br />Moderately fractured 0.5 to 1.0 <br />Closely fractured 0.1 to 0.5 <br />Intensely fractured 0.05 to 0.1 <br />Crushed Less than 0.05 <br />HARDNESS <br />1.Soft – Reserved for plastic material alone. <br />2.Low hardness – Can be gouged deeply or carved easily with a knife blade. <br />3.Moderately hard – Can be readily scratched by a knife blade: scratch leaves a heavy trace of <br />dust and is readily visible after the powder has been blown away. <br />4.Hard – Can be scratched with difficulty: scratch produces little powder and is often faintly visible. <br />5.Very hard – Cannot be scratched with knife blade: leaves a metallic streak. <br />STRENGTH <br />1. Plastic or very low strength. <br />2. Friable –Crumbles easily by rubbing with fingers. <br />3. Weak –An unfractured specimen of such material will crumble under light hammer blows. <br />4. Moderately strong –Specimen will withstand a few heavy hammer blows before breaking. <br />5. Strong –Specimen will withstand a few heavy ringing blows and will yield with difficulty only dust <br />and small flying fragments. <br />6. Very strong –Specimen will resist heavy ringing hammer blows and will yield with difficulty only <br />dust and small flying fragments. <br />WEATHERING – The physical and chemical disintegration and decomposition of rocks and minerals by <br />natural processes such as oxidation, reduction, hydration, solution, carbonation, and freezing and thawing. <br />D. Deep –Moderate to complete mineral decomposition: extensive disintegration: deep and thorough <br />discoloration: many fractures, all extensively coated or filled with oxides, carbonates and/or clay or <br />silt. <br />M. Moderate –Slight change or partial decomposition of minerals: little disintegration: cementation <br />little to unaffected. Moderate to occasionally intense discoloration. Moderately coated fractures. <br />L. Little –No megascopic decomposition of minerals: little or no effect on normal cementation. <br />Slight and intermittent, or localized discoloration. Few stains or fracture surfaces. <br />F. Fresh –Unaffected by weathering agents. No disintegration or discoloration. Fractures usually <br />less numerous than joints. <br />Figure Number <br />A-2 <br />Physical Properties of <br />Rock DescriptionsIi! CORNERSTONE <br />EARTH GROUP