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_ ~. :a .~ a 3. Prune selectively and properly Pruning should complement the natural form and strengthen the structural integrity of the plant. It should not be used to dominate plants. The labor for this type of pruning is not a cost well spent; it never ends, weakens the plant and generates unnecessary plant debris. ^ Use the standards from the American National Standards Institute for proper tree pruning, including pruning at the appropriate time of year. Do not top trees but rather remove branches at their point of origin or shorten branches back to a lateral. ^ Prune when the plant is not under stress or dormant. ^ Ask your client to consider replacing a tree or shrub that requires frequent pruning because it has grown too large for its space with a species that will require little or no pruning. Trees and shrubs are stronger and more likely to resist pests. Waste is minimized. "Wlater use is an issue here in California. Plus, when you use a lot of water and fertilizer, that translates into green growth, more clippings, and more waste. If you can tell customers, `Lets just fertilize once a year,' it reduces waste. " -Glen Schneider, Proprietor, Glen Schneider Gardening, Berkeley 4. Water and fertilize judiciously Watering and fertilizing wisely prevents rampant plant growth that weakens the plants and generates plant debris. There are many applications. Refer to Nurture the Soil and Conserve Water for more info. Plants are not pushed into growth over- drive. Water damage to fences and hardscapes is minimized. Waste is prevented and disposal bills are decreased. Less maintenance translates into lower labor and fuel costs. Sample Contract Specifications for Pruning: I .Trees and shrubs shall be pruned selectively only as necessary to enhance their natural shape. Topping of trees is prohibited except for safety or liability issues. 2. Hedges Prune selectively and avoid lopping. Adapted from illustration by Craig Farnsworth in Sustainable Landscape Construction. a. Shearing new hedges into formal shapes is prohibited. Plants shall instead be selectively pruned by cutting individual branches or stems to interior lateral branches at appropriate locations, on an as needed basis. b. Existing hedges that have been maintained by shearing in the past and that do not have adequate space to grow to mature plant size, can continue to be maintained by shearing, until replacement is possible. 3. Trimmings generated by pruning shall either be chipped and used as mulch on the site, or separated for plant debris recycling. FROM BAY-FRIENDLY LANDSCAPING MODEL MA/NTENANCE SPECIFICATIONS, WWW BAV FRIENDLY ORG. 24 Damage to fencing from sprinkler irrigation. PHOTO: THE MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT OF ORANGE COUNTY, LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT FOR WATER SAV/NGS BV TOM ASH