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b. Liquidity: The City's investment portfolio will remain sufficiently liquid to enable the City to <br />meet all operating requirements which might be reasonably anticipated. <br />c. Return on Investment: The City's investment portfolio shall be designed with the objective of <br />attaining a market rate of return throughout budgetary and economic cycles, taking into account <br />the City's investment risk constraints and the cash flow characteristics of the portfolio. <br />CONCENTRATION OF RISK <br />GASB 40 recognizes that there are many factors that can affect the value of investments. Investment risk <br />factors include credit risk, custodial credit risk, concentration of credit risk, interest rate risk, and foreign <br />currency risk. <br />Credit risk is the risk of loss due to failure of an issuer of a security or a financial institution. The City <br />purchases U.S. Treasuries and high -grade securities which will lessen this type of risk. In addition, the <br />portfolio will be diversified so that the failure of any one issuer will not unduly harm the City's cash <br />flow. <br />Custodial credit risk is the risk that in the event of the failure of the custodian, the investments may not <br />be returned. The City's investment securities are to be held by a third party custodian designated by the <br />City and evidenced by safekeeping receipts. <br />Concentration of credit risk is the risk associated with a lack of diversification of having too much <br />invested in a few individual issuers, thereby exposing the organization to greater risks resulting from <br />adverse economic, political, regulatory, geographic, or credit developments. The City's investments will <br />be diversified and will not exceed maximum percentages allowed in the California Government Code. <br />Interest rate risk is the risk that the market value of securities in the portfolio will fall due to an <br />increase in general interest rates. Interest rate risk may be reduced by structuring the portfolio so that <br />securities are maturing periodically to meet cash requirements for ongoing operations, thereby avoiding <br />the need to sell securities on the open market prior to maturity. The City will limit investments to a <br />maximum maturity of five years (unless otherwise authorized by City Council). <br />Foreign currency risk results from investment in foreign currency- denominated securities. The City <br />will not invest in foreign currency investments. <br />DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY <br />Authority to manage the City's investment program is derived from Section 53600 et seq. of the <br />Government Code and City Ordinance No. 279. Management responsibility for the investment program <br />is delegated by the City Council and City Manager to the Director of Finance. <br />ETHICS AND CONFLICTS OF INTEREST <br />Officers and employees involved in the investment process shall refrain from personal business activity <br />that could conflict with proper execution of the investment program, or which could impair their ability <br />to make impartial investment decisions. Employees and investment officials who manage the <br />