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contractors as well as local business enterprises. • The City has used local, State, and HOME funds to construct and or acquire and rehabilitate housing units for rental by persons with physical, mental, and developmental disabilities. • In 1999, Pleasanton helped establish the Tri-Valley Housing Scholarship Program which offers tenant-based rental assistance to households that are homeless or at risk of being homeless. Subsidies are provided while the head of household is undergoing job training. Over 90%of households served are headed by female heads of households, and the majority of clients have been minority households. This program was recently revamped into the Tri-Valley Rapid Rehousing Program to assist all income-eligible households. Discussion Fundin . One of the significant barriers to affordable housing in Pleasanton and the surrounding region is the high cost of developing and maintaining affordable housing. The City of Pleasanton will apply CDBG, HOME, and City Lower Income Housing Funds toward affordable housing projects and programs in FY 2021-2022. The City will continue to monitor the availability of specialized grants for housing development and will utilize its Lower Income Housing Fund to finance activities promoting affordable housing. Land Costs. The City does not have ownership of any significant parcels of land at the present time. Therefore,the market cost of land is posing an ongoing constraint to new affordable housing development in which the City has direct involvement. However,the City has worked and will continue to work with individual developers and with the owners of large land holdings to attempt to reserve additional sites for affordable housing development during the five-year Strategic Plan period. The City's Inclusionary Zoning Ordinance provides the option of land dedication in lieu of providing affordable housing units. The completion of the Housing Element Update 2015-2023 may provide additional land ownership opportunities that can be utilized to create new affordable housing. Housing Development Costs.The City will continue to work to offset the costs of housing development by waiving certain City fees for affordable rental and ownership housing units and by providing various types of subsidies through the use of its Lower Income Housing Fund.The example was cited earlier in this report of extensive fee waivers that have been granted in the past to defray development costs and promote affordable housing construction. Community Perceptions of Affordable Housing.A continuing impediment to affordable housing development is the negative perception of affordable housing held by many members of the public.The City provides local funds annually to East Bay Housing Organizations(EBHO)to implement an ongoing program aimed at improving residents' perceptions and understanding of affordable housing. Annual Action Plan 32 2021 OMB Control No.2506-0117(exp.09/30/2021)