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City of Pleasanton Municipal Debt Management Policy Glossary of Terms Advance Refunding: For purposes of certain tax and securities laws and regulations, a refunding in which the refunded issue remains outstanding fora period of more than 90- days after the issuance of the refunding issue. The proceeds of the refunding issue are generally invested in Treasury securities or federal agency securities(although other instruments are sometimes used),with principal and interest from these investments being used (with limited exceptions)to pay principal and interest on the refunded issue. Bonds are "escrowed to maturity"when the proceeds of the refunding issue are deposited in a escrow account for investment in an amount sufficient to pay the principal of and interest on the issue being refunded on the original interest payment and maturity dates, although in some cases an issuer may expressly reserve its right(pursuant to certain procedures delineated by the Securities and Exchange Commission)to consider"pre- refunded"when the refunding issue's proceeds are escrowed only until a call date or dates onthe refunded issue,with the refunded issue redeemed at that time. Amortization: The gradual reduction in principal and interest of an outstanding debt according to a specific repayment schedule, which details specific dates and repayment amounts on those dates. Arbitrage: In the municipal market, arbitrage refers to the difference between the tax- exempt interest rate paid by the borrower and the interest rate at which the proceeds of the issue are invested. The Internal Revenue Code contains specific regulations concerning the amount that can be earned from the investment of tax-exempt proceeds. Call Provisions: Mandatory or optional provisions that allow or require an issuer to prepay or refinance a bond prior to its stated maturity date. These provisions identify which bonds may be called,when they may be called,and what premium, if any,must be paid upon redemption prior to the stated maturity date of the bond. Capitalized Interest: Specific interest payments of a bond issue which are funded in advance, or capitalized,through proceeds of the same bond issue. These proceeds are set aside in a specially designated fund in order to pay these designated interest payments. Current Refunding: A refunding transaction where the municipal securities being refunded will all mature or be redeemed within 90-days or less fromthe date of issuance of the refunding issue. Debt Affordability: The principal amount of debt that an issuer can afford within the constraints of net revenues and debt coverage requirements. Debt Service Coverage: The ratio of the net revenue stream pledged against a debt to the debt service payments to the debt. Debt service coverage ratios are most often used by rating agencies to determine repayment sufficiency with respect to bonds secured by a specific revenue stream. Debt Service Reserve Fund: Traditional bond issues are structured with a debt service reserve fund, which assures the timely availability of sufficient funds for the repayment of debt service in the event that an issuer cannot make the required debt service payment(s). Typically,the required size ofthe reserve fund is determined by the lesser of: 100%of maximum annual debt service; 125%of average annual debt service; or 10%of the aggregate issue price. Reserve funds are usually fully funded out of bond proceeds and are set-aside in a separate fund, as long as the debt service fund is fully funded, and can only be used to offset debt service payments.