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care costs and lost productivity is over $7,100,000,000.00. . C. The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) Tobacco Control Program reports in Tobacco Facts and Figures 2018 that in California 63.6% of current cigarette smokers started by the age of 18, and that the overall tobacco use rate among California high school students is at 13.6%.90 percent of cigarette smoking initiation occurs between the ages of nine through 18 D. Minors-Youth under 21 currently have ready access to cigarettes and other tobacco products as a result of noncompliance with existing laws that prohibit the sale of such tobacco products to minorsunderage youth, - -- _ - _ -_ . . _ _ _ _ .. e . - - . - _ _ • •- self- service displays of tobacco products in tobacco stores, the free distribution of tobacco products and seeing other minors underage youth with e-cigarettes in public parks or other youth gathering areas. The CDPH reports in its Young Adult Tobacco Purchase Survey 2019 that underage decoys were able to purchase a variety of tobacco products from many retail locations at a 21.6% violation rate in Alameda County. E. The free distribution of cigarettes and other tobacco products encourages people to begin smoking and using tobacco products and thereby become addicted to the habit, discourages people from quitting smoking, and tempts those who had quit smoking to begin smoking again. Encouraging smoking and discouraging those who are currently smoking from overcoming the habit endangers the public health by leading more people into habits that cause illness and death. F. Free distribution of cigarettes and other tobacco product pcomotes-unsightly litter, thereby increasing the costs to the public in cleaning the streets; and-also-causes pedestrian traffic congestion. G. The compelling purpose and intent of this chapter includes: 1. To prevent young people from using nicotine until they are mature and capable of making an informed and rational decision; 2. To reduce significantly the ability of young people from illegally obtaining tobacco products by -- • - . . . - - . - - - - - - - - _ . • - •- -- - - - - • - - -- --- restricting sales of flavored tobacco products, electronic smoking devices and related paraphernalia; 3. To reduce the ability of young people to possess tobacco products, including e- cigarettesl in public parks or other public places where youth gather, as that may influence other youth to try such tobacco products; an 4. Authorize the City Manager to develop and implement a tobacco retailer licensing program to better ensure compliance with this chapter and state and federal tobacco control laws; and 54. To promote generally the health and welfare of all people in the community against the health hazards and harmful effects of using addictive tobacco products. (Ord. 2120 § 1, 2015; Ord. 1529 § 1, 1991) 9.32.020 Definitions. For the purposes of this chapter, the following terms shall be defined as set forth herein: 2