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Defeasance: Termination of rights and interests of the bondholders and their lien on the pledged revenues or other security in accordance with the terms of the bond contract for an issue of bonds Defeasance usually occurs in connection with the refunding of an outstanding issue after provision has been made for future payment of all obligations under the outstanding bonds through funds provided by the issuance of a new series of bonds Derivative Product: A product, such as an option or futures contract,whose value is derived from the performance of an underlying security A commonly used derivative is an interest rate swap Given the complexity of derivative products, the City of Pittsburg and its related entities will no longer utilize derivative products in its debt issuances Discount Rate: The interest rate used for adjusting for the time value of money for net present value calculations, option pncing models, and other market models The term "discount rate" can also refer to the rate that the Federal Reserve Bank charges its members for overnight deposits Good Faith Deposit: A sum of money or, alternatively, a surety bond provided to an issuer of a new issue of municipal securities by an underwriter or underwriting syndicate as an assurance of performance on its offer to purchase the issue Good faith deposits generally are required in connection with competitive sales and sometimes in connection with negotiated sales Hedging: A strategy designed to reduce investment risk A hedge can help reduce the risk and volatility of a portfolio A common hedging strategy includes matching the amount of short-term assets with the amount of short-term variable rate debt outstanding Letter of Credit: Two types of letter of credit are used in bond and other debt financings. standby letter of credit and direct pay letter of credit They provide credit enhancement for debt issues by shifting the nsk ofrepayment from the issuer to the bank issuing the letter of credit Letters of credit are usually required for the issuance of variable rate debt Letters of credit also are used to provide liquidity A Standby Letter of Credit is an agreement issued by a commercial bankthat commits the bank to pay a third party contingent upon the failure of bank's customer to perform under the terms of a contract or agreement with the beneficiary Used as a substitute for a performance bond or payment guarantee, standby letters of credit are used mainly in the U S where banks are legally barred from issuing certain types of guarantees For bond or debt holders it serves as a secondary source of payment, in case the issuer fails to meet its payment obligations A Direct Pay Letter of Credit is an agreement issued by a commercial bank that commits the bank to pay third parties upon a request presented by the beneficiaries to the bank issuing the direct pay letter of credit Line of Credit: An arrangement in which a bank or other financial institution extends a specified amount of unsecured credit to a specific borrower for a specified time period Maturity Date: The date upon which a specified amount of debt pnncipal or bonds matures, or becomes due and payable by the issuer of the debt Negotiated Sale: A method of sale of bonds, notes or other financing vehicles in which the issuer selects in advance, on the basis of proposals received or by other means, one or more underwriters to work with it in structuring, marketing and finally offering an issue to investors. The negotiated sale method is often used when the issue is a first time sale