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A quorum of more or less of a majority can be specified by <br />proper authorities. <br /> <br />6. The act or decision must be the act or decision of the body. <br /> <br /> (a) A vote must have been taken, it is not assumed that <br /> the members approve an action unless they vote for it. <br /> <br /> (b) A majority vote is required unless controlling authority <br /> requires more than a majority. To require more than a <br /> majority vote gives a veto to less than a majority. <br /> <br /> (c) In computing the vote, a majority of all members is <br /> frequently required. When the basis of the vote is not <br /> specified, a majority of the members voting only, or of <br /> the "legal votes cast" is required, assuming in all cases, <br /> of course, the presence of a quorum and a properly called <br /> meeting. In local legislative bodies a more than majority <br /> vote is frequently required for some actions. <br /> <br />7. The essential ~rocedural requirements must have been <br />complied with. <br /> <br />This requirement is a broad one and all requirements cannot be <br />listed, but the following are examples: <br /> <br />(a) Requirements as to publication, readings on different <br />days, period of time after introduction before adoption, <br />and such requirements when set up by statute, charter, or <br />other controlling authority must be complied with. <br /> <br />(b) There mu~.t h~ been a proper hearing. Members acting <br />individually and w'i~hout a meeting, cannot act upon matters <br />delegated to the body. Public hearl~.¥~ must have been <br />given when required. <br /> <br />(c) There must have been no fraud upon the mem~.-~s -_ at <br />least in so far as it relates to essential or jurl.~ictional <br />matters. <br /> <br /> When procedure complies with legal or constitutional require- <br />ments cannot readily be determined in some instances. Procedure <br />which complies with the accepted procedure followed by legislative <br />bodies should, in all cases, be acceptable. What is such procedure <br />may be determined from the records of the bodies or, within certain <br />limits, from manuals prepared by persons who qualify as authorities <br />on the subject. <br /> <br />PARLIAMENTARY RULES <br /> <br /> In addition to the rules of parliamentary law of the kind set <br />out above, there are many parliamentary rules which may govern the <br />actions of a legislative body. Parliamentary rules and procedure <br />are much broader in their application than those rules which may <br />be properly designated as parliamentary law. <br /> <br />-11- <br /> <br /> <br />